Casting in the currents

Now that you understand your gear, casting, and flies, it’s time to learn one of the most crucial skills in fly fishing: reading water. Understanding where fish are likely to be holding and feeding will dramatically increase your success on the water.

Understanding Fish Behavior

Fish are creatures of habit and efficiency. They typically position themselves where they can:

• Conserve energy in slower water
• Find protection from predators
• Access food easily
• Stay in oxygen-rich water

Key Areas to Target

Riffles

These shallow, fast-moving sections are often rich in oxygen and food. Look for:

• Bubbles and white water
• Rocky bottoms
• Changes in water depth

Pools

Deeper, slower sections where fish rest and feed. Target:

• Edges where fast and slow water meet
• Undercut banks
• Submerged structure

Runs

Moderate-depth sections with consistent current. Look for:

• Seams between different current speeds
• Boulder fields
• Drop-offs

Reading Water Features

Learn to identify these important water features:

• Seams – Where fast and slow water meet
• Eddies – Circular currents behind obstacles
• Pocket Water – Small areas of slower water between rocks
• Tailouts – Shallow areas at the end of pools

Time of Day Considerations

Fish behavior changes throughout the day:

• Morning – Look for fish in shallow water
• Midday – Fish often move to deeper, shaded areas
• Evening – Fish return to shallows to feed

Weather and Water Conditions

Environmental factors affect fish location:

• Water temperature changes
• Cloud cover
• Water clarity
• Recent rainfall

In our next post, we’ll cover essential knots and rigging techniques to help you present your flies effectively in these different water conditions. Until then, happy fishing!

Have questions about reading water? Share your experiences in the comments below!